Does sandblasting glass hurt the durability of the glass piece?

Yes and no.  The sandblasting can and does cause some stress in the glass.  Usually, this is not a big deal and will cause no issues.  But the blower can anneal the glass after it is blasted to relieve the stress making it fully stress-free again.

Can you make a pipe or water pipe in all quartz?

Absolutely.  You can make nearly anything out of quartz.  The cost is very high, and the bigger the quartz object the more heat, the more time and the much higher cost.  No color is used, so it is not really a needed or wanted thing.

Quartz is used big time in the production of making solid-state wafers for computing.  A single quartz tank can cost between $15,000 and $40,000.